Case Study Analysis – 42-year-old man, Chief Complaint of pain, redness, and swelling of his right calf – Best Solved Assignments(2022)

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Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

An understanding of the signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify cell, gene, and/or process elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

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Solution

Case Study Analysis

Scenario

A 42-year-old man comes to the clinic with a chief complaint of pain, redness, and swelling of his right calf. He states that he had been working in his yard using a string trimmer when the trimmer slipped and cut his leg. He cleaned the wound with water from the garden hose and covered the wound with a large Band-Aid. Several days later, he developed a fever of 100.6? F and chills and noticed that his leg was swollen and red. He comes to the emergency department for definitive care.

Purpose statement: The purpose of this essay is to evaluate and analyze the presented case scenario.

Introduction

Following an injury, wound healing is a critical phase in tissue regeneration. While most wounds are easy to heal, some often result in adverse consequences such as inflammation, redness, and increased severity. Surface injuries often provide entry for pathogens to attack delicate body cells; thus, close interaction with medical personnel is necessary. This essay analyzes a presented case to explain the symptomology, genetic connections, immunosuppression, and the effect of the patient clinical status on body systems.

Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.

The patient cut himself with a trimmer, which could have harbored microorganisms.  Besides, the patient used garden water without a disinfectant, further predisposing his wound for infection by waterborne pathogens. These microorganisms could be the cause of infection of the wound leading to the presented symptoms.  Inflammation is often a body reaction to tissue or cellular injury.

Typically, inflammation is symptomized with pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area (McCance & Huether, 2019) as presented by the patient. The patient’s pain is a result of swelling caused by pressure from exudate buildup and biochemical mediators for wound healing such as bradykinin or prostaglandins.

The patient’s fever results from cytokines – endogenous pyrogens, which interact with the body’s nervous and endocrine systems to modify defense against infection, causing the production of prostaglandins – the fundamental mediators of the regulated responses that contribute to fever. The patient’s symptoms could have been escalated by wound conditions that encouraged bacterial growth rather than host protection.

Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

The patient’s symptoms indicate a bacterial infection often characterized by swelling and redness of the lower legs.  While host factors influence infection susceptibility, no studies are specifying particular genes influencing bacterial infection. Despite the limited studies on genes associated with bacterial infections, a genome-wide study conducted by Rogne et al. (2020) identified Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 2 to be associated with skin and soft tissue infections.  However, specific factors such as tobacco use, overweight, and obesity exacerbate incidences of skin and soft tissue infections (Rogne et al., 2020).

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Explain the process of immunosuppression and the effect it has on body systems.

Immunosuppression refers to a condition in which the body’s immune system functions below the normal limit, leading to the inability to fight foreign antigens. Immunosuppression results from the death of immune receptor cells or obstruction of vital intracellular pathways for immune response. Besides, immunosuppression can result from certain diseases or medications that suppress the immune system (Bennett & Gilroy, 2017). Immunosuppressants affect certain inflammatory mediators involved in wound healing. Hypothermia, which can disrupt surgical wound healing processes and increase the risk of wound infection, is more likely in immunocompromised patients (Singh et al., 2017). Equally, reduced blood flow stymies wound healing, presumably preventing cells like platelets and monocytes from entering the site in diabetic patients.

Conclusion

The patient in this case scenario presents symptoms associated with wound infection, including inflammation, redness, and pain in his leg. The wound infection diagnosis is supported by the patient’s use of garden water to clean the wound cut from a string trimmer. Both the trimmer and the trimmer could be a potential host for pathogens causing the infection. Host factors such as tobacco use, overweight, obesity, and Solute Carrier Family 12 Member 2 genes exacerbate wound infection. Equally, immunosuppression could be a predisposing factor for the patient’s wound infection and exacerbation.

References

Bennett, M., & Gilroy, D. W. (2017). Lipid mediators in inflammation. Myeloid cells in health and disease: a synthesis, 343-366. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0026-2016 

Hotchkiss, R. S., Moldawer, L. L., Opal, S. M., Reinhart, K., Turnbull, I. R., & Vincent, J. L. (2016). Sepsis and septic shock. Nature reviews Disease primers, 2(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.45 

McCance, K. L., & Huether, S. E. (2019). Pathophysiology – E-book: The biologic basis for disease in adults and children (8th ed.). Elsevier Health Sciences.

Rogne, T., Liyanarachi, K. V., Rasheed, H., Thomas, L. F., Flatby, H. M., Loset, M., … & Damas, J. K. (2020). Genome-wide association study of skin and soft tissue infection susceptibility. medRxiv.  https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.03.20187468

Singh, S., Young, A., & McNaught, C. E. (2017). The physiology of wound healing. Surgery (Oxford), 35(9), 473-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2017.06.004

Question

Module 1 Assignment: Case Study Analysis

An understanding of the signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in the diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For APRNs, this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.In this Assignment, you examine a case study and analyze the symptoms presented. You identify cell, gene, and/or process elements that may be factors in the diagnosis, and you explain the implications to patient health.

To prepare:

By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific case study for this Case Study Assignment. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

The Assignment (1- to 2-page case study analysis)

Develop a 1- to 2-page case study analysis in which you:

• Explain why you think the patient presented the symptoms described.
• Identify the genes that may be associated with the development of the disease.

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